Architecture

Architecture,in simplest definition is a process of planning,designing and creating an environment fit for human needs.Architecture and architectural styles evolved over centuries according to different cultures ,needs ,means ,materials and technologies available.

Architecture in terms of buildings is art and science of creating any physical structure used for residential ,religious,social or security purposes.Before urban civilisations started developing ,ancient people built structures mainly for residential and religious reasons( ritual centres).Later with the increasing needs of human life and natural urge of man to beautify his surroundings ,various branches of architecture came into existence including civil,military,naval ,sacred and landscape architecture.

Architecture of any era is an important part of it's culture and is regarded as work of art.Surviving architecture of ancient and historical civilisations contributed the most in our knowledge about their lives and lifestyles .The earliest surviving book on the subject of architecture "De Architectura" by  by the Roman architect Vitruvius provided three ideals  for any good structure

• Durability: The structure  should be physically strong,reliable and firm.
• Utility : It should be suitable to fulfil the propose for which it was built.
• Esthetics : The structure should be virtually appealing.

This provided the basics for architects and designers in the coming centuries until 19th century when notable architect Louis Sullivan introduced an overriding concept in the field of architecture

"Form Follows Function"

The concept was well received as it replaced utility with "Function" which came to be seen as combination of all the criteria of use including it's aesthetic,cultural,social and psychological values .

Modern Architecture 

Modern architect and designers focuses on many aspects while designing a building.Apart from Durability,Reliability,Function and beauty ,modern day architect strive to make it more efficient,secure and cost effective.Over time various philosophies and design styles have evolved making the field of Architecture multi disciplinary.Many subcategories of architecture came into existence including but not limited to
• Interior architecture: Interior Architecture mainly focuses on the design and beauty of the confined area of any structure.Interior architect or designer has responsibility to make the interior environment of any building more beautiful,secure and user friendly.

• Landscape Architecture : Landscape Architecture is that branch of architecture which includes the study of an area's environmental conditions,wildlife,social behaviours and outdoor recreational needs .It focuses on planning  and designing outdoor spaces ,parks and recreational areas while preserving and enhancing the natural beauty of that area.

• Urban design: This branch of architecture focuses on planning,designing and shaping cities,towns and regions by keeping the economic,political ,cultural and social aspects of that area in mind.

• Religious Architecture: Religious architecture includes designing and creating sacred places used to pray and fulfil people's religious needs.Since ancient times till now every culture and religion contributed a lot in this field of architecture.Some of the most beautiful architecture structures ever built are churches,mosques and temples.